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Trump and Putin to meet in Alaska for Ukraine peace talks

WASHINGTON. U.S. President Donald Trump announced on Friday that he will meet Russian President Vladimir Putin on August 15 in Alaska to discuss a potential peace deal aimed at ending the war in Ukraine. The announcement came as Trump said negotiations involving Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy were close to reaching a ceasefire agreement that could require Ukraine to surrender significant territory.

Speaking to reporters at the White House earlier in the day, Trump suggested the agreement might involve a land exchange. “There’ll be some swapping of territories to the betterment of both,” he said.

The Kremlin confirmed the summit, with Putin aide Yuri Ushakov stating that the talks will focus on options for achieving a long-term resolution to the conflict. “This will evidently be a challenging process, but we will engage in it actively and energetically,” Ushakov said.

In his national address, Zelenskiy said a ceasefire was possible if sufficient pressure was applied to Russia. He noted that his team was in constant contact with the United States and had engaged with more than a dozen world leaders on the matter.

Putin claims Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson, along with Crimea, which Russia annexed in 2014, though Russian forces do not fully control all the disputed areas. Bloomberg News earlier reported that U.S. and Russian officials were discussing a deal that would formalize Moscow’s occupation of seized territories, but a White House official dismissed the report as speculation.

While Ukraine has expressed flexibility in ending the conflict, ceding around a fifth of its territory remains politically difficult for Kyiv. Former U.S. State Department official Tyson Barker warned that such a proposal would likely be rejected by Ukraine.

Trump, who has alternated between praise and criticism of Putin since returning to the White House, has recently threatened new sanctions and tariffs on Russia and its trade partners unless Moscow halts its offensive. It remains unclear whether those measures will take effect.

This will be the first high-level diplomatic event in Alaska since March 2021, when U.S. and Chinese officials held contentious talks in Anchorage.

Buto at damit narekober sa Taal Lake kaugnay sa kaso ng nawawalang sabungero

LAUREL, Batangas. Nakarekober ng Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) ang karagdagang mga labi kabilang ang dalawang bungo ng tao, mga ngipin at personal na gamit sa nagpapatuloy na search and retrieval operations sa Taal Lake kaugnay sa kaso ng nawawalang mga sabungero, ayon sa Department of Justice (DOJ) nitong Huwebes.

Ayon kay DOJ Assistant Secretary Mico Clavano, kabilang sa mga natagpuan mula Hulyo 29 hanggang Agosto 4 ay dalawang bungo, isa na may kumpletong ngipin, buhok, gula-gulanit na damit, tsinelas, t-shirt, brief ng lalaki, pantalon at iba pang gamit. Naniniwala ang DOJ na ang mga ngipin na buo pa ay maaaring i-match sa dental records ng mga nawawalang sabungero at magamit din sa DNA testing gamit ang samples mula sa kanilang mga kaanak.

Kasabay nito, humingi na ng tulong ang DOJ sa University of the Philippines Pathology and Anthropology Department, sa tulong ng forensic expert na si Dr. Raquel Fortun, at sa mga eksperto mula sa Japan upang masuri ang mga labi na pinaniniwalaang may kaugnayan sa kaso.

Israel approves plan to seize Gaza City, evacuation of civilians underway

JERUSALEM. Israel’s political-security cabinet has approved a military plan to take control of Gaza City, according to a statement from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office. The decision follows Netanyahu’s public declaration that Israel intends to assume full military control of the entire Gaza Strip, despite rising domestic and international criticism over the nearly two-year-long war

“The IDF will prepare to take control of Gaza City while providing humanitarian aid to the civilian population outside the combat zones,” the Prime Minister’s Office said. Gaza City is the largest urban center in the Palestinian enclave and a key stronghold of Hamas.

According to a report by Axios, citing an Israeli official, the plan includes the evacuation of civilians from Gaza City and a renewed ground offensive. Evacuation warnings are likely to be issued in phases, potentially giving residents several weeks to relocate before the military advances.

Speaking to Fox News, Netanyahu said Israel does not intend to permanently govern Gaza but seeks to establish a security perimeter. He stated the territory could eventually be handed over to Arab forces, although he did not specify which countries might participate or what kind of governance structure would be established.

Netanyahu’s remarks came ahead of a high-level meeting with senior ministers to discuss expanding military operations. Some Israeli officials noted growing tensions within the government, particularly between Netanyahu and military chief Eyal Zamir, who has expressed hesitation over broadening the campaign.

The Prime Minister’s Office added that most cabinet members rejected an alternative plan presented during the meeting, stating it would neither defeat Hamas nor lead to the return of Israeli hostages.

Any resolution passed by the political-security cabinet would still need approval from the full cabinet, which may not convene until Sunday, according to two government sources.

The operation, if fully implemented, would reverse Israel’s 2005 disengagement from Gaza, in which it withdrew all citizens and soldiers while maintaining control over borders and key utilities. Right-wing factions in Israel have long blamed the withdrawal for enabling Hamas’s rise to power after winning the 2006 elections.

Hamas responded by calling Netanyahu’s remarks “a blatant coup” against ongoing negotiations, accusing him of endangering hostages for political purposes. Hamas official Osama Hamdan warned that any external force attempting to govern Gaza would be treated as an occupying body aligned with Israel.

Arab nations have so far declined involvement, with a Jordanian official telling Reuters that any postwar governance should be led by legitimate Palestinian institutions and approved by the Palestinian people.

An earlier proposal backed by Egypt and several Arab states, which would have installed a technocratic Palestinian administration in Gaza, a was rejected by both Israel and the United States.

As protests grow in Jerusalem and other parts of Israel, many citizens are urging the government to secure a deal for the hostages and end the conflict. Demonstrators gathered near the Prime Minister’s Office on Thursday night, holding photos of the captives and expressing frustration at the government’s handling of the war.

“I’m here because I am sick and tired of this government. It’s ruined our life,” said Noa Starkman, a resident of southern Israel who lost friends in the October 2023 Hamas attack that triggered the war.

The Hostages Families Forum has appealed to the military leadership to resist any expansion of combat, prioritizing the safe return of those still held in Gaza.

Meanwhile, the United Nations described the potential escalation of military operations in Gaza as “deeply alarming.” The White House has not issued a formal statement, and President Donald Trump has declined to say whether he supports a full Israeli military takeover of Gaza.

Israel maintains that the war will continue until Hamas is dismantled and all hostages are freed.

Kasambahay at janitor, posibleng isama sa 4Ps

MAYNILA. Isinasaalang-alang ngayon ng Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) ang posibilidad na maisama ang mga kasambahay at janitor bilang benepisyaryo ng Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps).

Ayon kay DSWD spokesperson Irene Dumlao, bahagi ito ng enhancement na pinag-aaralan ng ahensya para sa 17 taong implementasyon ng programa. Paliwanag niya, kwalipikado ang mga manggagawang ito kung ang kanilang kita ay hindi lalampas sa P8,000 kada buwan at mayroon silang mga anak na may edad zero hanggang 18 taong gulang na kasalukuyang nag-aaral.

Binigyang-diin ni Dumlao na bukas ang DSWD sa mga mungkahi para sa ikabubuti ng programa, kabilang ang suhestiyon ni dating DSWD secretary at ngayo’y Senador Erwin Tulfo na gawing one-time big-time livelihood grant ang tulong sa halip na ang kasalukuyang conditional cash grants.

Sa ngayon, nagpapatuloy ang konsultasyon sa pagitan ng Senado at Kongreso kaugnay sa posibleng mga pagbabago sa ilalim ng 4Ps Law.

Samantala, ayon kay Gemma Gabuya, National Program Director ng 4Ps, nasa 3 milyon na ang aktibong benepisyaryo ng programa hanggang Hulyo 2025. Umabot naman sa 1.4 milyon ang naka-graduate o na-exit na matapos matukoy ng mga social worker na sapat na ang kanilang kakayahan upang matustusan ang pangangailangan ng kanilang pamilya.

Trump to hike India tariffs to 50% over Russian oil imports

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WASHINGTON. U.S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order imposing an additional 25 percent tariff on India for its continued purchase of Russian oil, raising the total import tax to 50 percent. The order, signed Wednesday, will take effect in 21 days, potentially giving both India and Russia time to enter negotiations with the Trump administration.

The move is expected to have a significant impact on India’s economy and its trade relationship with the United States. Trump’s decision to target India, while sparing China despite its larger purchases of Russian oil, marks a shift in U.S. trade policy that could realign global economic strategies.

India had been considered a strategic alternative to China by U.S. companies seeking to relocate their manufacturing operations. However, the newly announced tariffs place India among the most heavily taxed U.S. trading partners, surpassing even China, which currently faces a 30 percent tariff under ongoing trade negotiations.

In a press event held in the Oval Office with Apple CEO Tim Cook, Trump confirmed the 50 percent tariff rate but declined to say whether the policy would change if Russia and Ukraine reached a peace agreement. The White House also stated that Trump could meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin as early as next week to discuss ending the war in Ukraine.

India’s Foreign Ministry called the tariffs “unfortunate” and “unjustified,” vowing to protect the country’s economic interests. Spokesman Randhir Jaiswal said India’s oil imports are driven by market conditions and are part of its strategy to secure affordable energy for its 1.4 billion citizens.

Ajay Srivastava, a former Indian trade official, warned that the increased tariffs could reduce Indian exports to the U.S. by 40 to 50 percent. He criticized the U.S. for sparing China despite its larger oil imports from Russia, citing China’s leverage in supplying critical minerals essential for U.S. defense and technology.

“The decision is hypocritical,” Srivastava said. “Washington avoids targeting Beijing because of China’s strategic importance.”

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States recorded a $45.8 billion trade deficit in goods with India in 2024, importing pharmaceuticals, textiles, precious stones, and other products.

While India has maintained a neutral stance on the Russia-Ukraine war and has resisted joining Western sanctions against Moscow, it has stated support for peace efforts. The new tariffs also contradict earlier efforts by the Biden administration and G7 nations, which encouraged India to buy Russian oil under a 2022 price cap set at $60 per barrel to restrict Kremlin war funding.

Despite those efforts, Russia has largely bypassed the cap through a fleet of older ships and insurance arrangements in non-participating countries, continuing to sell oil above the cap without facing significant penalties.

With the new executive order in place, India’s future trade position with the United States is likely to be challenged as global powers recalibrate alliances and economic strategies.

Inarchive ng Senado ang impeachment case laban kay VP Sara

MAYNILA. Inaprubahan ng Senado ang pag-archive ng Articles of Impeachment laban kay Bise Presidente Sara Duterte, kasunod ng desisyon ng Korte Suprema na nagsabing labag sa Konstitusyon ang prosesong sinimulan ng Mababang Kapulungan.

Sa botong 19 pabor, 4 ang tumutol, at 1 ang nag-abstain, iniutos ng Senado na i-archive ang reklamo. Ang hakbang na ito ay nangangahulugang hindi na ito gagalawin o didinggin pa, maliban na lang kung may panibagong kautusan o legal na proseso.

Kabilang sa mga bumoto ng pabor sina Senate President Francis “Chiz” Escudero, Alan Peter Cayetano, Pia Cayetano, Ronald “Bato” Dela Rosa, JV Ejercito, Jinggoy Estrada, Sherwin Gatchalian, Bong Go, Lito Lapid, Loren Legarda, Rodante Marcoleta, Erwin Tulfo, Raffy Tulfo, Imee Marcos, Robin Padilla, Joel Villanueva, Camille Villar, Mark Villar, at Juan Miguel Zubiri.

Tumutol naman sina Bam Aquino, Risa Hontiveros, Kiko Pangilinan, at Senate Minority Leader Vicente “Tito” Sotto III. Nag-abstain si Senador Panfilo “Ping” Lacson.

Ang pag-archive ay resulta ng mosyon ni Senador Rodante Marcoleta, na inamyendahan upang umayon sa desisyon ng Korte Suprema noong Hulyo 25. Ayon sa korte, ang reklamong impeachment ay “null and void ab initio” at wala umano itong legal na batayan.

Nanindigan si Senate Minority Leader Sotto na dapat hintayin muna ang resulta ng nakabinbing motion for reconsideration sa Supreme Court. “Mas mainam na hintayin ang resulta kaysa basta ito’y i-archive. I vote yes. May God have mercy on your decision,” aniya.

Ipinahayag ni Senate President Escudero na ang desisyon ng Senado ay pagpili sa Konstitusyon at batas. Pinuna rin niya ang Kamara at sinabing, “Huwag hayaang gamitin kayo ng bulag na galit at ambisyon ng iilan.”

Nilinaw ni Senador Zubiri na maaaring ibalik sa plenaryo ang reklamo kung may legal na batayan sa hinaharap. “That will never stop us from being able to pull out the document from the archives,” ani Zubiri.

Para kay Senador Dela Rosa, ang pagsunod sa Korte Suprema ay hindi dahil ito ang madali kundi dahil ito ang tama. Giit naman ni Senador Estrada, “Walang sinuman ang mas mataas sa batas… Ang Konstitusyon ang pinakamataas na batas ng bayan.”

Ipinaliwanag ni Senador Lacson ang kanyang pag-abstain, dahil sa nakabinbing motion for reconsideration sa korte. “Mas pipiliin kong maghintay at huwag pangunahan ang pinal na desisyon ng Korte Suprema,” aniya.

Mariing tumutol si Senadora Risa Hontiveros at binalaan ang Senado na, “Tayo ang pumatay sa Articles of Impeachment.” Aniya, mahalaga ang impeachment bilang mekanismo ng pananagutan.

Bumoto rin ng pabor si Senadora Loren Legarda, subalit giit niyang ginawa niya ito “nang walang pagkiling” habang hinihintay ang pinal na pasya ng Korte Suprema.

Netanyahu signals plan for full military control of Gaza

JERUSALEM. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has declared that Israel intends to take full military control of the Gaza Strip, despite growing criticism at home and abroad over the nearly two-year-long war in the enclave.

In an interview with Fox News on Thursday, Netanyahu was asked whether Israel would assume control over the entire coastal territory. “We intend to,” he responded. “We don’t want to keep it. We want to have a security perimeter. We don’t want to govern it. We don’t want to be there as a governing body.”

He added that Israel hopes to eventually hand over Gaza to Arab forces, without specifying which countries would be involved or what the governance structure would look like.

Netanyahu’s statement came shortly before a scheduled meeting with senior ministers to discuss a potential expansion of military operations. According to government sources, the meeting could result in a proposal for a phased takeover of areas in Gaza not yet under Israeli control, potentially accompanied by evacuation warnings to civilians. Any resolution would still require full cabinet approval, possibly on Sunday.

The move would mark a reversal of Israel’s 2005 disengagement from Gaza, when it withdrew troops and settlers while retaining control over borders, airspace, and utilities. Right-wing parties have long blamed that withdrawal for the rise of Hamas, which won the 2006 Palestinian elections and has ruled Gaza since.

It remains unclear whether Netanyahu envisions a temporary occupation aimed at dismantling Hamas or a more prolonged military presence.

Hamas condemned Netanyahu’s comments, calling them “a blatant coup” against ongoing ceasefire negotiations. “Netanyahu’s plans to expand the aggression confirm beyond any doubt that he seeks to get rid of his captives and sacrifice them,” the group said in a statement.

A Jordanian official told Reuters that Arab countries would only support governance arrangements agreed upon by Palestinians and stressed that Gaza’s security should be handled by legitimate Palestinian institutions. Hamas official Osama Hamdan told Al Jazeera that any force formed to govern Gaza would be seen as an occupying power.

Earlier this year, both Israel and the United States rejected a proposal from Egypt, backed by Arab nations, to establish a committee of independent Palestinian technocrats to govern Gaza after the war.

Domestically, Netanyahu’s stance has sparked renewed protests. On Thursday night, hundreds of demonstrators gathered outside the prime minister’s office in Jerusalem, calling for an end to the war and demanding the release of hostages held in Gaza. Protesters held photos of hostages and expressed anger at the government’s handling of the conflict.

“I’m here because I am sick and tired of this government. It’s ruined our life,” said Noa Starkman, a 55-year-old resident of Jerusalem.

The Hostages’ Families Forum urged Israeli military Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir to oppose any further escalation. Defence Minister Israel Katz said on Wednesday that the military would carry out the government’s decisions until all war goals were met.

Israeli officials estimate that 50 hostages remain in Gaza, with 20 believed to be alive. Most of those released so far were freed through negotiations. Talks toward a ceasefire broke down in July, though a senior Palestinian official said Hamas recently told Arab mediators that more humanitarian aid could lead to resumed negotiations.

Israel has accused Hamas of diverting humanitarian aid to its fighters and black market operations, allegations Hamas denies.

The humanitarian situation in Gaza remains dire. The Israeli military says it controls about 75 percent of the territory. Most of Gaza’s two million residents have been repeatedly displaced, and aid agencies warn the population is on the brink of famine.

“Where should we go? We have been displaced and humiliated enough,” said 30-year-old Aya Mohammad, who recently returned to her home in Gaza City after multiple displacements.

Congressman Amben Amante’s People’s Day draws huge crowd at new San Pablo office

SAN PABLO CITY, Laguna. Residents from various towns in Laguna’s 3rd District flocked to the newly opened office of Congressman Loreto “Amben” Amante on Balagtas Boulevard on Thursday to take part in his regular “People’s Day” program.

The new office, now more spacious and accessible, accommodated a larger number of constituents who came to bring forward their concerns and requests personally. The event offered a range of public services, including medical and financial assistance, hospital referrals, educational support, and other forms of social aid, all provided under the congressman’s office.

Congressman Amante said the new office reflects his commitment to closer and more consistent public service. “I want my office to be closer to the people. Public service should not only be visible during elections,” he stated.

With a well-organized setup that included proper seating, forms, and dedicated staff and volunteers, the program ensured a smooth process for applicants. Several barangay officials also attended to seek support for community projects such as road repair and street lighting.

In his brief message, Amante emphasized his role in bridging the public’s needs with government support. “Helping should not just be in words but in action. As your representative, I must serve as your link to the government,” he said.

Many beneficiaries expressed their gratitude for the assistance provided, saying that the initiative was especially helpful for those who cannot afford to travel to distant government offices.

Congressman Amante assured the public that this would not be the last People’s Day held at the new office. He pledged to continue opening his doors and offering support to those in need.

Photo by Roy Tomandao

Dissenting voices, flooding the right message, and Leonen

“We don’t believe he’s a rapist… he’s kind and religious.” “Our mayor is not corrupt; in fact, he uses his own money to help most of the time.” “It’s only right that this happens to him because the death penalty is in our law.” With every Supreme Court decision, there is controversy. It is a natural thing because there are winning and losing parties. Others are cheated, some might say.

Where do we stand when we do not agree with the Supreme Court? Is it possible to respect their decision despite our disagreement? Where should our insistence end? “Those who easily believe in gossip are not in their right minds,” but are they really gossips as alluded to above?

The death penalty imposed upon a rapist two decades ago proved that the magistrates also err. We say this because all other rapists after that got “mere” life sentences. A mayor got numerous terms of office as he was seen by voters as town hero and pride, but later the SC would prove his constituents wrong when he was meted with perpetual disqualification from any public office due to a prior conviction in graft and corrupt practices. That only goes to show legal battle results are too unpredictable in the Philippines.

It is said that legal standards are applied with reasonableness and due diligence but since they can be subjective, that might lead to various outcomes according to court interpretation. Politics and socioeconomic aspects might influence verdicts at times, conflicting with legal principles.

Now the latest: Who would have thought—not among his professors in UP—that the gross misinterpretation of Senate President Chiz Escudero’s “forthwith” would continue until the SC would say that even the House of Representatives had shortcomings in following technicalities at the expense of accountability to the impeached official? “Forthwith” means immediately, without delay, agad-agad in Filipino, but Escudero clearly has his own dictionary. Making matters worse is when the ponencia of the SC senior associate justice followed suit and wrote a decision that, in effect, favors further delay in the impeachment trial of Vice President Sara Duterte.

Faculty members of the UP College of Law said they saw fundamental errors needing immediate remedy. Their August 1 statement read: “We have carefully studied the (SC’s) decision in Duterte v. House of Representatives and the unprecedented actions that have been taken by Congress that have led us to this point. We acknowledge the anxiety, confusion, and fears of a constitutional crisis that have arisen among the general public… informed by the law and the constitutional and political history that we teach and study, we stand by bedrock principles of our constitutional system and warn that these recent developments undermine impeachment as an indispensable instrument of political accountability for our highest public officials.” (https://law.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Statement-by-Individual-Members-of-the-UPCL-Faculty-on-Developments-in-the-Impeachment-of-VP-Sara-Z-Duterte.pdf)

Benches outside the country also decide defectively like that of https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/supreme-court/13-worst-supreme-court-decisions-of-all-time/.

Our very own Leonen even has this to say with reference to past, present, future judicial gods at the Mt. Olympus in Padre Faura, Ermita: “If you knew who we are, you will cease calling us gods of the Judiciary …The SC is not perfect …Citizens and academics certainly have the right to call attention to the fallibility of the courts.”

Iyon naman pala (take those very words for it)!

The right message: for and from flood victims

Take two: Mahiya naman kayo! This wildly cheered remark in last week’s SONA was about Marcos Jr.’s (how genuine?) desire to curb shady flood control projects.

Perennial flood victims think such shaming in word is simply not enough. While procurement reforms are said to be instituted, the right message is that corrupt contractors and public officials in cahoots with each other have to be named and face strong deterrents ranging from prompt jail terms to returning public funds with interest.

Ilan sa mga pumalakpak ang kabilang sa mga walang-hiya? Marami, sabi ng marami.

A Paulinian reminder is in the offing: “And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret. But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light. Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. (Ephesians 5:11-14)

Ninoy Aquino repeatedly remarked, “Without criticism, no government can survive, and without dissent no government can effectively govern.” It has been carried in this space at https://tutubi.ph/oposisyon-sa-panahon-ng-krisis/ in 2023, but because of its unflinching timelessness, it was also shared by scholarly publications and book authors like https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-137-11726-7_10; https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/The_Philippines/6NFMDwAAQBAJ?hl; and https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/Cory_of_a_Thousand_Days/tidxAAAAMAAJ?hl.

Still, dissenting

Voices are like that. And with the dissenting ones, they add decency to the unperturbed. Leonen “The Great Dissenter” knows them better and will thank the dissenting voices for a lot of good reasons, chief of which is that he is being given the opportunity to be a chief justice soon. (https://medium.com/the-new-legal/will-leonen-the-great-dissenter-be-the-next-chief-justice-the-new-legal-d69fc6b22650)

Kaya lang, baka raw nagbago na siya.

“The Leonen ponencia opens the door to bogus complaints, endorsed by a political ally of the impeachable officer at the HOR, to be ‘mandatorily calendared’ and even without being referred to the Committee on Justice – considered initiated already!” said Atty. Arvin Dexter Lopoz, spokesperson of the Union of Peoples’ Lawyers in Mindanao (UPLM). “So now, whoever files first, no matter how weak and bogus the ‘verified’ complaint is, as long as it is endorsed by a member (it can be done).”

Marcos, sinuspinde ang pag-angkat ng bigas sa loob ng 60 araw

MAYNILA. Sinuspinde ni Pangulong Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. ang lahat ng importasyon ng bigas sa loob ng 60 araw simula Setyembre 1, 2025.

Ayon kay Presidential Communications Office Secretary Dave Gomez, ginawa ng Pangulo ang desisyon matapos kumonsulta sa mga opisyal ng Gabinete sa kanilang limang araw na state visit sa India.

Layon ng suspensyon na maprotektahan ang mga lokal na magsasaka laban sa pagbaba ng presyo ng palay ngayong panahon ng anihan. “To protect local farmers reeling from low palay prices during this current harvest season, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. today announced the suspension of all rice importation for 60-days beginning Sept. 1, 2025,” pahayag ni Gomez.

Matatandaan na inirekomenda ni Agriculture Secretary Francisco Tiu Laurel na taasan ang taripa sa mga imported na bigas upang hindi malugi ang mga magsasaka.