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British defense chief suggested the world is in a ‘pre-war’ state

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Grant Shapps warns of possible war with China, Russia, and Iran Within 5 Years: “Inflection Point”

LONDON. British Defense Secretary Grant Shapps has issued a stark warning, suggesting that the world is on the brink of conflict, with the possibility of war erupting within the next five years against major global powers such as China, Russia, and Iran.

During his first major speech since assuming office in the summer of 2023, Shapps described the current global state as a “pre-war” phase, marking a shift from the post-war era following the fall of the Berlin Wall. He emphasized the need for increased defense spending as a deterrent and preparation for potential conflicts, indicating that such conflicts could materialize within the next five years.

“In five years’ time, we could be looking at multiple theaters involving Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea,” Shapps warned. He called for an “inflection point” in 2024, stressing the end of the era of the peace dividend.

Highlighting the evolving geopolitical landscape, Shapps stated, “Today our adversaries are busily rebuilding their barriers. Old enemies are reanimated. New foes are taking shape. Battle lines are being redrawn.”

Shapps underscored the importance of redirecting the United Kingdom’s inventive and innovative spirit toward defensive pursuits. He presented various defense advancements made by the U.K. over the years, emphasizing the nation’s commitment to maintaining a strong defense posture.

The defense chief’s remarks come in the wake of the recent conflict in the Middle East, with escalating tensions supported by Iran and its proxy groups, including Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and the Houthis in Yemen. Shapps praised the Royal Navy’s response to Houthi attacks on international shipping routes, characterizing it as a “decisive” blueprint for the U.K.’s leadership in the future.

Shapps replaced former Defense Secretary Ben Wallace during a significant cabinet reshuffle. Wallace, a strong supporter of Ukraine during the Russian invasion, resigned from his post, citing his decision not to seek re-election in the upcoming 2024 general election.

The current defense secretary also addressed the conflict in the Red Sea involving the Houthis, commending the Royal Navy for its defense against Houthi attacks. He issued a stern message to the Iranian-backed group, calling for an end to their “illegal and unjustified actions” and emphasizing the global community’s commitment to protecting innocent lives and the global economy.

As international tensions continue to rise, Shapps urged for a proactive stance in defense, signaling a paradigm shift in the U.K.’s approach to global security.

Walang kuryente sa Rizal, Bulacan, Laguna, QC sa Jan 21-24

Makararanas ng pansamantalang kawalan ng kuryente ang ilang bahagi ng Rizal, Bulacan, Laguna, at Quezon City mula January 21 hanggang 24, ayon sa Manila Electric Company (Meralco) nitong Sabado.

Batay sa abiso na naka-post sa website ng Meralco, ang mga oras ng scheduled brownouts ay dulot ng maintenance works na isasagawa sa mga apektadong lugar.

January 21, Rizal Province (Cainta at Taytay), Sa pagitan ng 9 a.m. at 9:30 a.m.; at 1:30 p.m. at 2 p.m.

  • Bahagi ng Greenwoods Ave. mula Ejercito Ave. patungo sa Greenwoods Executive Village Phases 9, 8G, at 10 sa Bgy. San Andres, Cainta
  • Bahagi ng Ejercito Ave. mula Tapayan Bridge patungong West Bank Road, kabilang ang Bagong Pag-Asa BERM Subd., Verde Grande Subd., Shell Gas Station, at IPM Trading and Development Corp. sa Bgys. San Juan at Sta. Ana, Taytay
  • Bahagi ng West Bank Road mula Ejercito Ave. patungo sa Damayan Subd., Nagkaisang Tinig Subd., Resettlement Subd., San Juan Sitio Siwang; at Daehan College of Business and Technology sa Bgy. San Juan, Taytay
  • Rason: Relocation ng poles at line reconductoring works sa kahabaan ng Ejercito Ave. sa Bgy. San Juan, Taytay

January 22, Bulacan (Malolos City), Sa pagitan ng 9 a.m. at 9:30 a.m.

  • Bahagi nt Bulacan St. mula sa malapit sa Taal Road hanggang JACC Gas Station; at Purok Gitna sa Bgy. Mambog
  • Bahagi ng Taal Road mula Bulacan St. hanggang malapit sa Bancal – Taal St. saklaw ang Purok 1, 2, 3 at Wakas sa Bgys. Bangkal, Niugan at Taal
  • Reason: Line reconstruction works sa Bgys. Bangkal, Mambog at Taal sa Malolos City

January 23, Laguna (Sta. Rosa City) Sa pagitan ng 10 a.m. at 1 p.m.

  • Villa Caceres Subd. sa City Proper
  • Rason: Line maintenance works sa Villa Caceres Subd., City Proper, Sta. Rosa City

January 23-24, Quezon City (Balintawak at Balong Bato), Sa pagitan ng 11 p.m., January 23 at 4 a.m., January 24

  • Bahagi ng Epifanio delos Santos Ave. (Edsa) Northbound mula Meralco – Balintawak substation patungong North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) East Service Road saklaw ang A and S Lamps Co. Inc., Antar Trading Co., Buhler Philippines Inc., CFAL Oasis Development Corp., Jbw Floorcenter Inc., Motor and Carriage Inc. (Hyundai North Edsa) and Scientific Environmental and Analytical Laboratory and Services Inc. sa Bgys. Apolonio Samson at Unang Sigaw sa Balintawak
  • Bahagi ng NLEX East Service Road mula Edsa Northbound hanggang malapit sa Dimaano Drive sa Bgy. Balong Bato saklaw ang Gana Compound sa Bgy. Unang Sigaw, Balintawak

Ang dahilan ng power interruption, ayon sa Meralco ay ang ang mga gagawing line maintenance works sa buong span ng Epifanio delos Santos Ave. (EDSA) Northbound sa mga Barangay Apolonio Samson at Unang Sigaw sa Balintawak.

ET welcome: Kentucky City beams message into space to invite extraterrestrial visitors

LEXINGTON, Ky. A Kentucky city has launched an extraordinary campaign to boost tourism, using an infrared laser to transmit a message into space to invite extraterrestrial travelers.

“The first thing you’ll notice as you descend through Earth’s atmosphere above Central Kentucky is the lush green countryside that surrounds Lexington’s vibrant city center. That’s our famous bluegrass,” the message begins. It goes on to describe gentle rolling hills, horse farms, and bourbon before suggesting places to stay, eat, and shop.

The idea for this unique campaign stemmed from recent UFO revelations and advancements in deep space imaging, fueling the belief that we are not alone in the universe, as announced by the Lexington Convention and Visitors Bureau in a statement this month.

The agency collaborated with scientists and scholars to beam the message towards potentially habitable planets in the TRAPPIST-1 solar system, located 40 light years away.

Leading the effort was Lexington native Robert Lodder, an expert in computer engineering, astrobiology, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. “We brought together experts in engineering, linguistics, digital media, philosophy, and science fiction to design, debate, and transmit this message,” he said in the statement.

The message was sent with FAA approval and includes a coded bitmap image. “The bitmap image is the key to it all,” linguistics expert Dr. Andrew Byrd explained. “We included imagery representing the elements of life, our iconic Lexington rolling hills, and the molecular structure for water, bourbon, and even dopamine … because Lexington is fun!”

However, patience is required for any potential response. The agency estimates it will take 40 years to reach its intended target and possibly another 40 to receive any response.

In the meantime, the agency extends an invitation to earthly travelers to visit Lexington.

Comelec: Malabo ang plebisito para sa cha-cha sa Hulyo

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Tila malabo ang inaasahang plebisito para sa People’s Initiative na amyendahan ang 1987 Constitution sa Hulyo, ayon sa pahayag ni Commission on Elections (Comelec) Chairperson George Garcia.

Ayon kay Garcia, hindi pa sapat ang bilang ng pirma na natanggap ng Komisyon mula sa mga bayan at lungsod upang maganap ang plebisito sa loob ng anim na buwang itinakda.

“May nakita akong (nagsabi na) June, may nakita rin akong July. Mukha pong napakalapit naman, masyadong ine-estimate, Masyadong napapangunahan yung Commission on Elections sapagkat magve-verify pa po kami ng signatures later,” sabi ni Garcia.

“Base sa ating monitoring, 253 po ang ating distrito. E mukhang wala naman pong 253 na distrito ang nagkakaroon ng mga signatures na nasusubmit sa local Comelec natin. Ang usapan, dapat lahat ng distrito sa buong Pilipinas,” ayon pa sa Comelec chair.

Kasunod ng pahayag ni Garcia ang ulat na nagmula kay Albay Representative Joey Salceda hinggil sa pagtataguyod ng People’s Initiative para sa Charter change o Cha-cha, na layuning magkaruon ng plebisito sa Hulyo.

Ngunit ayon kay Garcia, hindi maaaring matali ang Comelec sa timeline na itinakda ng anumang grupo o tao. Binigyang-diin ni Garcia na mayroong timeline ang Comelec alinsunod sa umiiral na patakaran at batas.

“Yung sinasabi nilang dates, nabasa ko rin ‘yan, pero ang katotohanan, paano nila masasbi yung timelines gayong wala pa namang fina-file sa Comelec?” pahayag ni Garcia.

Idinagdag pa niya na ang inaasahang plebisito sa Hulyo ay maaaring maging posible kung ito ay naisumite sa unang linggo ng Enero.

“Siguro po pag na-submit nila yan as early as January first, first week baka mahabol pa pero nasa pangatlong linggo na tayo ng Enero. At again, ngayon po ay nagsusumit pa lang ng signatures sa mga election officers at at the same time di pa ganon kadami,” sabi ni Garcia.

Idinagdag pa niya na ang inaasahang plebisito sa Hulyo ay maaaring maging posible kung isusumite ito sa unang linggo ng Enero.

“Siguro kung isusumite nila ito ng maaga, sa January first, first week, baka sakaling mahabol pa, pero ngayon ay nasa pangatlong linggo na ng Enero. At muli, ngayon pa lang nagpapasa ng mga pirma sa mga election officers at hindi pa ganoon karami,” sabi ni Garcia.

Tinukoy din ni Garcia na ang beripikasyon ng mga pirma ay aaksyunan upang tiyakin ang transparency at validity.

Sa kabilang banda, ibinunyag ni Garcia na nitong Huwebes, nakakalap na ang mga lokal na opisina sa mga lungsod at munisipalidad ng hindi kukulangin sa 726 na registration forms.

Japan becomes the fifth country to land a spacecraft on the moon

TOKYO. Japan has entered the annals of space exploration history as the fifth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the moon. In a landmark achievement, Japan’s Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) executed a soft landing on the lunar surface early Saturday, marking a significant milestone in the country’s space program.

Despite the success of the landing, space officials have indicated that more time is needed to assess whether SLIM achieved its primary mission goal of a pinpoint landing. Complicating matters, the spacecraft’s solar panel failed to generate power, potentially limiting its operational duration on the moon.

Hitoshi Kuninaka, head of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, expressed confidence that SLIM’s small rovers were successfully deployed, with data being transmitted back to Earth. However, the failure of the solar panel has raised concerns about the mission’s longevity.

SLIM, nicknamed “the Moon Sniper,” touched down on the lunar surface at approximately 12:20 a.m. Tokyo time on Saturday. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) initially reported the successful landing but cautioned that further analysis was required to confirm a pinpoint landing.

In order for the mission to be deemed fully successful, space officials must confirm SLIM’s precise landing. Kuninaka acknowledged the need for additional time but expressed optimism based on observed data showing the spacecraft’s movement and its ability to transmit signals post-landing. He noted that the solar panel might not be in the planned angle but remained hopeful.

Despite the solar panel issue, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida celebrated the achievement, expressing the government’s continued support for such endeavors. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson also congratulated Japan, emphasizing the importance of collaboration in the U.S.-led multinational Artemis Moon exploration.

SLIM, a lightweight spacecraft roughly the size of a passenger vehicle, utilized “pinpoint landing” technology for greater control than previous moon landings. While most probes have targeted landing zones about 10 kilometers wide, SLIM aimed at a remarkably small target of just 100 meters.

The mission, the result of two decades of precision technology development by JAXA, aimed to test technology allowing precise landings for sustainable, long-term space exploration. SLIM was equipped with a special camera to analyze lunar minerals and seek clues about the moon’s origin.

Japan’s successful moon landing follows the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and India. The achievement is a crucial step for Japan to secure its position and contribute to international space projects. Experts believe that Japan’s consistency in precision landing technology is essential for competitiveness in the global space race.

SLIM’s mission is a significant boost for Japan’s space program, which faced setbacks in recent months, including a lunar landing failure in April and a failed rocket launch in March. Japan’s previous successes, including the Hayabusa2 mission to the asteroid Ryugu, have positioned the country as a formidable player in space exploration.

Barangay Chairman sa Laguna, itinumba

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CALAMBA CITY, Laguna. Patay ang isang acting barangay chairman matapos pagbabarilin ng riding-in-tandem killers sa harap ng gate ng kanyang bahay sa Barangay Canlubang sa lungsod na ito, kahapon ng umaga.

Ayon sa ulat ng Calamba City Police Station, ang biktima na si Mario Jun Cogay, 63-anyos, officer-in-charge ng Barangay Canlubang, ay nasawi habang dinadala sa Global Care Medical Center of Canlubang dahil sa maraming tama ng bala sa dibdib.

Sinabi ng apo ni Cogay na habang ito ay nasa balkonahe at umiinom ng kape, napansin nito na umaapaw na ang tubig ng timba sa loob ng kanilang bahay. Upang patayin ito, lumabas siya sa gate para isara ang gripo. Sa pagkakataong ito, dumating ang dalawang hindi kilalang salarin sakay ng motorsiklo.

Agad na nilapitan ng isa sa mga suspek na may dalang 9mm na baril, habang ang isa naman ay nagbantay. Pinagbabaril ng malapitan ang biktima, at nang tumba na ito, mabilis na tumakas ang mga suspek patungo sa Asia 1, Canlubang. Makalipas ang ilang sandali, bumalik pa ang mga suspek at pinaulanan ng maraming putok ng baril ang biktima.

Ayon sa pamilya, nakatanggap si Cogay ng mga death threats matapos siyang italaga bilang acting barangay chairman ng Barangay Canlubang. Sinabi ni Lt. Col. Arnel Pagulayan, deputy provincial director for operations, na bumuo na sila ng special investigation team para imbestigahan ang kaso ni Cogay sa ilalim ng Elected Government Official (EGO) program.

Ang pulisya ay kasalukuyang nagsasagawa ng crime mapping at back-tracking investigation sa lugar ng insidente. Bagamat hindi pa tukoy ang motibo ng krimen, sinabi ni Pagulayan na tinitingnan ng mga imbestigador ang lahat ng anggulo, kabilang na ang posibleng “pulitika.”

Natuklasan na si Cogay ang number one barangay councilman sa huling barangay election, ngunit dahil sa nakabinbing disqualification cases, hindi siya iprinoklama ng Comelec. Si Cogay ay itinalaga bilang OIC barangay chairman ng Canlubang hanggang sa maayos ang kanyang disqualification case.

Families of hostages protest outside Netanyahu’s residence, urging truce-for-release agreement

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JERUSALEM. Families of hostages held by Hamas in Gaza gathered in protest on Saturday outside the residence of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Expressing frustration over the perceived lack of progress in securing the release of more than 100 captives, the demonstrators urged the government to take decisive action as the conflict in Gaza continues.

A group representing the families of the hostages, who have been held for 105 days, demanded that the government show leadership and pursue bold measures to secure their loved ones’ release. The call for a truce-for-hostages deal gained momentum after a member of Israel’s War Cabinet labeled a cease-fire as the only viable means to ensure their safe return, indirectly criticizing the current military strategy.

The protest and the remarks by former Israeli army chief Gadi Eisenkot highlight the growing internal discord in Israel over the direction of the war now entering its fourth month. While Netanyahu vows to achieve “complete victory” against Hamas, critics accuse him of stalling discussions on a post-war scenario for Gaza to avoid potential conflict within his right-wing ruling coalition.

The conflict, triggered by Hamas’ October 7 attack that claimed 1,200 lives and led to the abduction of around 250 individuals from Israel’s south, has resulted in nearly 25,000 Palestinian casualties, predominantly women and children, according to Gaza health authorities. The extensive military campaign has devastated the territory, displacing over 80% of its 2.3 million population. Widespread hunger and disease outbreaks, exacerbated by an Israeli blockade restricting aid, have been reported by UN officials.

Netanyahu contends that crushing Hamas militarily is the only path to secure the hostages’ release. However, relatives of the remaining captives have intensified their campaign for a negotiated settlement.

During a brief November ceasefire, over 100 hostages, mainly women and children, were released in exchange for Palestinian women and minors imprisoned by Israel. Currently, more than 130 hostages are believed to remain in Gaza, with only about 100 confirmed to be alive.

On Friday, the father of a 28-year-old hostage initiated a hunger strike outside Netanyahu’s residence, symbolizing the reported limited food given to some captives. Gadi Eisenkot, a member of the War Cabinet, contradicted Netanyahu’s approach, emphasizing that a deal and a cease-fire are essential for the hostages’ safe return, dismissing the likelihood of dramatic rescue operations.

In the ongoing military operations, Israel dropped leaflets over Rafah, urging residents to provide information about the captives. Meanwhile, Gaza residents reported heavy bombardment and clashes in Khan Younis and Jabaliya.

As Israel withdrew troops from northern Gaza, questions about the feasibility of the government’s goal to crush Hamas persisted. In the West Bank, mourners gathered for the funeral of a 17-year-old American Palestinian shot and killed near Ramallah. Israeli police are investigating the incident, expressing serious concern, while the Biden administration continues to monitor the growing volatility in the West Bank.

Note: This report is based on current events and may be subject to updates.

Evidence-based updating of constitutional provisions on education

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The informally proposed updating of the 1987 Constitution to open more of our vital industries, including education, to 100 percent foreign ownership must be tackled comprehensively and genuinely. We cannot do anything about their right to propose, but if the process of charter change (cha-cha) continues and it will be decided in a plebiscite whether we want that change or not, it would be better if proponents will only have evidence-based presentations.

If they are not evidence-based, we are just looking for a stone to beat on our head so to speak because mounting evidence shows that we need to prioritize meeting the needs of the people with lower commodity prices, higher wages for workers, better public transportation, an improved quality of education, and last but not least, the immediate end to corruption, if not, more genuine public service.

Let us start making sense of the constitutional reform for education for this week’s column. Following (not all) are constitutional provisions (Article XIV) on education:

Much improved than 1973 Consti

Such provisions are better than those found in the 1973 charter because, with the 1987 charter, the Philippine education’s essential goals have been defined and all children have been required to obtain elementary education. The Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 signed by then President Cory Aquino would later mandate free public secondary education.

In fairness to the Marcos Sr. administration, the Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrated system that covered formal and non-formal education at all levels, with a specific provision seeking to upgrade educational institutions’ standards to achieve quality education through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities. Also upgraded were the obligations and qualifications required for teachers and administrators and financial assistance to private schools. (Tulio, 2008)

The problem with our trapos (traditional politicians) is that they not only do nothing for proper and full implementation of the social justice provisions, they also disrupt the educative mission stated in the 1987 Constitution. Political observers now think that the cha-cha proponents are only pushing for selfish ambitions. If politicians in favor of cha-cha are “studying,” what they are studying is how they can earn more or how they can benefit more from the policy they are making.

Are non-Filipinos better?

Studying outside the Philippines is too expensive. In the US, students are in huge debt so they are forced to work or just have the mindset to study while working to pay for the high tuition. That means it is unlikely that we will be able to bring American teachers and professors to our country with the large amount of expenses we have just to maintain them and/or their affiliated institutions. Remember that there was a case of an international school that thought it was okay to pay higher wages to foreign-hires compared to Filipino local-hires. That school lost the case over their Filipino teachers; the decision of the Supreme Court (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jun2000/gr_128845_2000.html) said that it was against the spirit of equal protection guaranteed by the Bill of Rights of the 1987 Constitution.

Besides, we can go through faculty exchange programs and related tie-ups with great universities outside the country. It may be lacking now, but it is in part due to the lack of support from the government in terms of appropriations for state universities and colleges. The budget given to SUCs is even lowered, no thanks to the erroneous priorities of the legislative and executive departments.

It is quite difficult to entrust the amendment of the Constitution to politicians as we still have “thin and fat” political dynasties, widespread corruption, and greed from businessmen, some of whom are even in government positions. Imagine schools 100%-owned by the Chinese. What will happen to the interests of Philippine territory and sovereignty in their pro-China lessons? Only now are we gradually fighting against China while it has been making fun of us since 2016, and it seems that we are reaping the benefits of the wrong foreign policies.

We will be exposed to various risks in national security as well as the economic welfare of most of our countrymen in this time of global unrest and it will be accompanied by the hidden agendas of our politicians, including their power struggle.

Let us prioritize good governance so that investors can trust us. It is said that we obtained billions of investment pledges from the foreign trips of President Marcos Jr., but constitutionalist Christian Monsod aptly asked: Did those who pledged hope to see the Philippines change its Constitution first? And so we need to educate ourselves on the desired constitutional reform in education, but our present crop of politicians cannot do that obviously. Educators can.

Israeli company receives approval for world’s first cultivated beef steaks

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REHOVOT, Israel. An Israeli company has obtained preliminary approval from health officials to market the world’s first steaks created from cultivated beef cells, signaling a significant leap in the growing field of lab-grown meat. Aleph Farms, based in Rehovot, Israel, disclosed the initial go-ahead granted by the Israeli Health Ministry in December, with the announcement made by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailing it as “a global breakthrough.”

Aleph Farms plans to introduce a cultivated “petite steak” to consumers in Israel, a product grown from cells derived from a fertilized egg belonging to a Black Angus cow named Lucy, residing on a California farm. While the Israeli Health Ministry’s preliminary approval is a crucial step, regulators still need to green-light the company’s labels, and a final inspection is pending, according to Yoav Reisler, a representative of Aleph Farms. Following these processes, it could take several months before the cultivated beef reaches diners.

The Israeli company now joins Upside Foods and Good Meat, both California-based firms, which received approval to sell lab-grown chicken in the United States in June. This move is part of a larger trend, with over 150 companies worldwide pursuing the goal of creating cultivated or “cell-cultured” meat, seeking alternatives that reduce harm to animals and minimize the environmental impact associated with conventional meat production.

Advocates of lab-grown meat argue that this technology has the potential to revolutionize the food industry by providing an ethical and sustainable solution. By growing meat in large steel tanks using cells derived from living animals or fertilized eggs, proponents aim to address concerns related to animal welfare and environmental sustainability. The process involves combining original cells with specialized nutrients to facilitate their growth into masses or sheets of meat, which can then be shaped into familiar food products like cutlets or steaks.

However, the industry faces challenges such as high production costs and the need to scale up operations to make cultivated meat affordable and profitable on a large scale. As Aleph Farms takes a significant step towards bringing cultivated beef to the market, the broader implications for the future of food production and sustainability are becoming increasingly tangible.

DOE: Taas-presyo sa gasolina at diesel, posible sa susunod na linggo

Posibleng magkaroon ng bahagyang pagtaas sa presyo ng gasolina at diesel sa susunod na linggo, ayon sa tantya ng Department of Energy (DOE). Ito ang ikatlong pagsasaayos ng presyo para sa taong ito.

Ayon sa pahayag ni Rodela Romero, Director III ng Oil Industry Management Bureau, maaaring tumaas ang presyo ng gasolina ng P0.65-P0.85 kada litro habang P0.45-P0.65 kada litro naman ang posibleng itaas ng diesel sa susunod na linggo.

Tinukoy din ni Romero na ang presyo ng kerosene ay maaaring manatili sa kasalukuyang presyo o magkaroon ng maliit na rollback na P0.10 kada litro, batay sa unang apat na araw ng pangangalakal sa Mean of Platts Singapore.

Ayon sa opisyal ng DOE, ang pagtaas ng tensyon sa Middle East at ang inaasahang paglago ng OPEC sa demand ng langis sa 2024-2025 ang nagiging dahilan ng pagtaas ng presyo ng langis.

Ang mga motorista at sektor ng transportasyon ay maaaring makaramdam ng epekto ng posibleng pagtaas sa presyo ng mga produktong petrolyo. Ang DOE ay nagpapayo sa publiko na maging handa at gumamit ng mga alternatibong paraan ng transportasyon upang maibsan ang posibleng pagtaas ng gastusin.