TAIPEI. Tensions in the South China Sea escalated on Monday as a Chinese vessel and a Philippine supply ship collided near the disputed Spratly Islands. China’s coast guard quickly blamed the Philippines for the incident, which Manila vehemently denied, calling the report deceptive.

The collision occurred near the Second Thomas Shoal, a submerged reef in the Spratly Islands. The Philippines asserts that the shoal lies within its internationally recognized exclusive economic zone (EEZ), citing a 2016 international arbitration ruling that invalidated China’s extensive territorial claims in the South China Sea.

According to the Chinese coast guard, the Philippine supply ship entered the waters near the shoal and ignored “China’s repeated solemn warnings,” approaching a Chinese vessel dangerously and unprofessionally, leading to the collision. The coast guard’s statement on WeChat declared, “The Philippines is entirely responsible for this.”

In response, the Philippine military dismissed China’s account as “deceptive and misleading,” maintaining that the incident occurred during a lawful humanitarian mission to resupply the BRP Sierra Madre, a grounded warship serving as a Philippine outpost. The military refrained from discussing operational specifics of the mission at Ayungin Shoal (Second Thomas Shoal).

Philippine Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro Jr. criticized China’s actions, stating they “contravene their statements of good faith and decency.” He vowed that the Philippines’ armed forces would resist “China’s dangerous and reckless behavior,” reiterating their commitment to protecting the nation’s territorial integrity and sovereign rights. Teodoro added, “It should now be clear to the international community that China’s actions are the true obstacles to peace and stability in the South China Sea.”

The United States condemned China’s “aggressive, dangerous maneuvers” near the shoal, with U.S. Ambassador to Manila MaryKay Carlson noting that the incident resulted in bodily injury and damage to Philippine vessels. Carlson stated that these actions hindered lawful maritime operations intended to supply essential goods to Philippine personnel within their EEZ.

China’s Foreign Ministry defended its coast guard’s actions as “professional, restrained, reasonable, and lawful,” while not detailing the extent of the damage to either vessel involved in the collision. The ministry also mentioned that two speedboats accompanied the Philippine supply ship, attempting to deliver construction materials and supplies to the BRP Sierra Madre.

The Second Thomas Shoal lies less than 200 nautical miles from the Philippines’ coast, where the BRP Sierra Madre has served as a military outpost since it was deliberately grounded in 1999. The ship remains an actively commissioned military vessel, meaning an attack on it could be considered an act of war by the Philippines.

China has recently enacted a new law authorizing its coast guard to seize foreign ships and detain crews in “China’s territorial waters,” renewing regional tensions. The Philippines, Vietnam, and Taiwan have all rejected this law.

The South China Sea disputes have strained relations in the region and raised concerns of a potential military confrontation involving China and the United States, a treaty ally of the Philippines. While the U.S. holds no territorial claims in the South China Sea, it has pledged to defend the Philippines if its forces, ships, or aircraft are attacked.

Aside from China and the Philippines, the South China Sea is also claimed by Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Brunei, making it a significant flashpoint in Asia and a critical element in U.S.-China relations. Indonesia, although not a direct claimant in the Spratlys, has also clashed with Chinese vessels in its nearby waters, asserting its rights in the gas-rich Natuna islands.