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DMW iimbestigahan ang kaso ng mga Pinoy ship captain ng shadow fleets ng Russia

Venus L Peñaflor
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DMW iimbestigahan ang kaso ng mga Pinoy ship captain ng shadow fleets ng Russia

MAYNILA — Nagsasagawa ng imbestigasyon ang Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) kaugnay ng 24 Filipino ship captains na umano’y naka-assign sa mga barkong bahagi ng “shadow fleet” ng Russia na maaaring malagay sa panganib dahil sa nagpapatuloy na digmaan sa pagitan ng Russia at Ukraine.

Sa isang press conference, sinabi ni DMW Secretary Hans Leo Cacdac na sinusuri ng ahensya kung ang mga seafarer ay na-recruit sa pamamagitan ng mga licensed manning agency at kung dumaan sa tamang deployment process ng pamahalaan.

Ayon kay Cacdac, kinukumpirma pa ng DMW ang pagkakakilanlan ng 24 na seafarers na sakay ng tinatawag na shadow fleet. Kasabay nito, nire-review din ng ahensya kung sila ay legal na naipadala sa trabaho, dahil maaaring patawan ng mabigat na parusa ang mga lumipat sa unauthorized employers.

Nanawagan din ang kalihim sa mga Pilipinong naghahanap ng trabaho sa abroad na tiyaking dumaan sa proseso ng DMW upang maiwasan ang ilegal at mapanganib na employment arrangements. Idinagdag niya na may hinala ang ahensya na maaaring hindi dumaan sa DMW ang naturang deployment.

Ipinaliwanag pa ni Cacdac na ang mga barkong kabilang sa shadow fleet ay hindi rehistrado sa DMW, kaya’t malamang na hindi dumaan sa opisyal na proseso ang mga seafarer na napasama rito.

Ang ulat tungkol sa mga Filipino seafarers ay unang naiparating ni Ukrainian Ambassador Yuliia Fediv kay Senador Erwin Tulfo sa isang courtesy call noong nakaraang linggo.

Inaasahang makikipagpulong si Tulfo sa mga opisyal ng DMW at Department of Foreign Affairs ngayong linggo upang talakayin ang mga hakbang ng pamahalaan para matiyak ang kaligtasan at seguridad ng mga Pilipinong seafarer na posibleng apektado ng sitwasyon.

Patuloy ang beripikasyon at koordinasyon ng mga kinauukulang ahensya habang sinusubaybayan ang kaso. Ang “Shadow Fleet” ay tumutukoy sa mga barkong naglalayag sa ilalim ng radar, kadalasan upang umiwas sa regulasyon o sanctions, kaya’t hindi ito rehistrado sa DMW at maaaring delikado para sa mga seafarer na nakasakay dito.


Naglabas ng PHDO laban kay Jinggoy ang Manila court sa isyu ng flood control anomaly

Venus L Peñaflor
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Naglabas ng PHDO laban kay Jinggoy ang Manila court sa isyu ng flood control anomaly

MAYNILA — Naglabas ang isang korte sa Maynila ng precautionary hold departure order (PHDO) laban kay Senador Jinggoy Estrada at sa kanyang mga co-respondents kaugnay ng reklamong plunder na kasalukuyang dinidinig sa Department of Justice (DOJ) hinggil sa umano’y anomalya sa isang flood control project.

Batay sa apat na pahinang kautusan, iniutos ng Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 52 ang paglalabas ng PHDO laban kina dating Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Secretary Manuel Bonoan, dating DPWH undersecretaries Maria Catalina Cabral at Roberto Bernardo, dating DPWH regional director Gerard Opulencia, at dating district engineer Henry Alcantara.

Ayon sa korte, may “probable cause” upang maniwala na maaaring umalis ng bansa ang mga respondent upang umiwas sa posibleng pag-aresto at pag-uusig sa mga kasong kinahaharap nila. Dahil dito, inatasan ang Bureau of Immigration and Deportation na pigilan ang kanilang pag-alis sa Pilipinas.

Nilinaw naman ng tagapagsalita ng hudikatura na si Polo Martinez na ang paglalabas ng PHDO ay hindi nangangahulugang nareresolba na ang mga kasong plunder na nakabinbin pa sa DOJ. Aniya, ang kautusan ay isang precautionary measure na inilalabas bago pa pormal na maisampa ang kaso sa korte upang matiyak na hindi makakapagtago ang mga respondent sa proseso ng batas.

Nauna nang ipinaliwanag ni Martinez na ang reklamong plunder ay hindi limitado sa iisang proyekto o lugar lamang, kundi sumasaklaw sa alegasyon ng pagkamal ng ill-gotten wealth na lampas sa P50 milyon sa pamamagitan ng magkakaugnay na transaksyon.

Samantala, naghihintay pa ng pahayag ang media mula sa kampo ni Estrada hinggil sa usapin. Si Bonoan naman ay nagsumite na ng kanyang counter-affidavit at humiling ng pahintulot mula sa DOJ kaugnay ng kanyang planong pagbiyahe patungong Estados Unidos.

Sa hiwalay na pahayag, sinabi ng DOJ na sina Bernardo, Alcantara, at Opulencia ay itinuturing na ngayong state witnesses sa imbestigasyon ng pamahalaan kaugnay ng naturang flood control scheme.

Patuloy ang imbestigasyon habang hinihintay ang susunod na hakbang ng DOJ hinggil sa reklamong plunder.

India hosts a high-stakes summit drawing global leaders, tech CEOs gather in New Delhi

Paraluman P. Funtanilla
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India hosts a high-stakes summit drawing global leaders, tech CEOs gather in New Delhi

NEW DELHI — India opened the five-day India AI Impact Summit this week, bringing together about 20 heads of state, senior policymakers and leading technology executives in a gathering that highlights the growing global importance of artificial intelligence and its expanding role in economic development, governance and society.

The summit marks the first time the global event is being held in the Global South, signaling India’s ambition to position itself as a bridge between advanced economies and developing nations in shaping AI policy and deployment. Organizers described the event as a platform to discuss not only innovation but also the risks, ethics and long-term social impacts of rapidly evolving AI systems.

Among the world leaders attending are Emmanuel Macron of France and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil, while Narendra Modi is expected to address delegates during a key session later in the week. Tech industry leaders expected to participate include Sundar Pichai of Google, Sam Altman of OpenAI, and Brad Smith of Microsoft, reflecting the growing convergence between governments and private industry in AI policymaking.

Shift From Safety to Broader AI Impact

Originally launched as a forum focused heavily on AI safety, the summit series has evolved from earlier meetings in the United Kingdom, South Korea and France into a wider platform covering trade, innovation and economic transformation. Discussions now span generative AI tools, public infrastructure, healthcare applications, defense systems and climate modeling.

Indian officials said the country aims to demonstrate how large-scale digital public infrastructure — including digital identity systems and payment platforms — can enable AI deployment at scale while keeping services accessible and affordable. Minister for Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw said the focus is on ensuring AI contributes to inclusive growth and sustainable development.

India’s Strategic Positioning

As the world’s most populous country and one of the fastest-growing digital markets, India sees the summit as a strategic opportunity to attract investment and establish itself as a major player in the global AI ecosystem. Reports indicate that major technology firms have already pledged significant investments in AI and cloud infrastructure in the country over the coming years.

Business leaders attending the summit have emphasized AI’s potential role in modernizing large-scale systems such as energy, manufacturing and public services — sectors considered critical to India’s long-term development ambitions.

No Binding Deal Expected

Like previous editions, the summit is not expected to produce binding political agreements. Instead, participants may issue a non-binding declaration outlining shared goals for responsible AI development and international cooperation.

The event follows ongoing global debates over regulation. Last year’s summit in Paris saw prominent disagreements over how strictly governments should regulate AI, highlighting tensions between innovation and safety concerns.

Global Governance and Emerging Risks

The New Delhi gathering comes as international institutions intensify efforts to establish governance frameworks for AI. The United Nations has moved to create new forums for collaboration, while independent scientific panels continue to assess risks posed by advanced AI systems, including misuse, malfunctions and systemic threats.

AI researcher Yoshua Bengio, often described as one of the pioneers of modern AI, stressed the importance of maintaining independent scientific evaluation of emerging technologies to build international consensus on risk assessment.

Jobs, Skills and the Future Workforce

Concerns over AI’s potential impact on employment remain a recurring theme at the summit. Experts in India’s technology sector acknowledged anxiety about job displacement but highlighted reskilling programs and the emergence of new roles as key strategies to manage transitions.

For many younger participants, however, AI is already becoming a practical tool in education and daily work, viewed less as a threat and more as a productivity aid that reduces repetitive tasks.

A Symbolic Moment for the Global South

Hosting the summit allows India to project itself as a voice for developing economies in global technology debates, emphasizing that AI governance should reflect diverse economic realities rather than being shaped solely by wealthier nations.

As the summit continues through the week in New Delhi, discussions are expected to center on balancing innovation with accountability, a challenge likely to define the next phase of the global AI era.

Trump announces $5 billion in Gaza reconstruction pledges ahead of Board of Peace inaugural meeting

EDGARDO HERNAL
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Trump announces $5 billion in Gaza reconstruction pledges ahead of Board of Peace inaugural meeting

WEST PALM BEACH, Florida — U.S. President Donald Trump said members of his newly created Board of Peace have pledged $5 billion toward rebuilding the war-ravaged Gaza Strip and will commit thousands of personnel to international stabilization and policing efforts in the territory.

According to Trump, the pledges will be formally announced during the board’s first meeting in Washington on Thursday. In a social media statement, he described the Board of Peace as a potentially significant international body aimed at addressing major global crises beyond the conflict in Gaza.

Trump did not identify which nations are contributing funding or personnel. However, Indonesia’s military said up to 8,000 troops could be ready by the end of June for a possible humanitarian and peace mission in Gaza, marking the first firm commitment from a participating country.

The rebuilding effort is expected to be extensive. Estimates from the United Nations, the World Bank, and the European Union place reconstruction costs for Gaza at about $70 billion after more than two years of heavy fighting and widespread destruction.

The U.S.-brokered ceasefire agreement calls for an armed international stabilization force to maintain security and oversee the disarmament of the militant group Hamas, a key demand by Israel. So far, only a limited number of countries have expressed willingness to participate.

It remains unclear how many of the board’s more than 20 members will attend the inaugural meeting. Benjamin Netanyahu, who met with Trump at the White House last week, is not expected to attend.

Initially viewed as a mechanism to help end the Israel-Hamas war, the Board of Peace appears to be evolving into a broader initiative intended to address global conflicts. Analysts say the move may also reflect a wider U.S. effort to reshape international diplomacy outside existing institutions such as the United Nations Security Council.

Thursday’s meeting will be held at the Donald J. Trump U.S. Institute of Peace, a facility currently involved in legal disputes following its takeover by the administration last year and the dismissal of most of its staff.

Although the ceasefire has reduced large-scale fighting, sporadic airstrikes and clashes continue in Gaza, underscoring the challenges facing long-term stabilization and reconstruction efforts.

Banta ng China: Milyong Pinoy posibleng mawalan ng trabaho

Venus L Peñaflor
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Banta ng China: Milyong Pinoy posibleng mawalan ng trabaho

MAYNILA — Nagbabala ang Chinese Embassy sa Maynila na ang mga hakbang ng ilang senador laban sa kanilang mga diplomat ay maaaring magdulot ng seryosong epekto sa ugnayang pang-ekonomiya ng Pilipinas at China, kabilang ang posibilidad na mawalan ng milyon-milyong trabaho ang mga Pilipino.

Inilabas ang pahayag sa gitna ng tumitinding tensyon sa pagitan ng Beijing at mga mambabatas ng Pilipinas kaugnay ng nagpapatuloy na usapin sa West Philippine Sea.

Sa pahayag ni Chinese Embassy spokesperson Ji Lingpeng, binatikos nito ang panukala ng ilang senador na ideklarang “persona non grata” ang Chinese diplomat o i-recall ang Chinese ambassador. Ayon kay Ji, ang anumang hakbang na maaaring makasira sa relasyong diplomatiko ng dalawang bansa ay may kaakibat na malaking epekto sa ekonomiya.

“Any serious damage to diplomatic relations, including downgrading of those relations, would cost millions of jobs,” ani Ji, na nanawagang isaalang-alang ang posibleng economic impact at maging maingat sa mga aksyon kaugnay sa diplomatic matters.

Dagdag pa niya, “When it comes to serious diplomatic affairs, some politicians behave like children playing house. Could they at least try to act like adults?”

Ang pahayag ng embahada ay kasunod ng Resolution No. 256 ng Senado na kumokondena sa pahayag ng isang opisyal ng Chinese Embassy na pumuna sa mga opisyal ng Pilipinas dahil sa pagtatanggol sa pambansang soberanya at mga karapatan sa karagatan.

Samantala, inalmahan ni Akbayan Party-list Rep. Perci Cendaña ang pahayag ng Chinese Embassy, na inilarawan niyang isang uri ng pangho-hostage sa ekonomiya. Iginiit ng mambabatas na dapat tiyakin ng pamahalaan ang kaligtasan at seguridad ng mga Pilipinong naninirahan sa China, Macau, at Hong Kong sakaling maulit ang tinawag niyang “hostage diplomacy,” tulad umano ng sinapit ng tatlong Pilipinong nakulong doon dahil sa kasong pang-e-espiya.

Umaasa rin si Cendaña na babawiin ng Chinese Embassy ang naturang pahayag at iiwasan ang paggamit ng mga mapagbantang salita, bagama’t sinabi niyang hindi na bago ang ganitong asal mula sa China.

Binalikan din ng solon ang insidente noong 2011 kung saan nagpatupad umano ang China ng ban sa pagpasok ng mga ini-export na saging at pinya mula sa Pilipinas bilang tugon sa standoff sa Bajo de Masinloc.

Dahil dito, nanawagan si Cendaña sa mga kinauukulang opisyal ng pamahalaan na kumilos upang maprotektahan ang ekonomiya ng bansa laban sa posibleng panggigipit mula sa China.

Britain’s ‘first feline’ Larry marks 15 years as Downing Street’s chief mouser

Paraluman P. Funtanilla
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Britain’s ‘first feline’ Larry marks 15 years as Downing Street’s chief mouser

London, United Kingdom — Amid years of political change in Britain, one constant has remained at the heart of government: Larry, the famed cat of 10 Downing Street, who marked 15 years this week as the country’s official Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office.

The gray-and-white tabby, often referred to as Britain’s “first feline,” has served under six prime ministers since arriving at Downing Street in February 2011. Adopted from Battersea Dogs and Cats Home during the tenure of former Prime Minister David Cameron, Larry quickly became a familiar and widely photographed figure at the British government’s headquarters.

According to his official profile, Larry’s duties include greeting guests, inspecting security defenses, and testing furniture for napping, quality tasks he often performs while casually roaming the area outside the iconic black front door of No. 10. His knack for appearing during high-profile visits has made him a favorite among photographers and journalists covering political events.

Over the years, Larry has crossed paths with a host of world leaders, including former U.S. President Barack Obama and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. During a 2019 visit by then-U.S. President Donald Trump, Larry famously wandered into the official photo opportunity before taking a nap beneath the presidential armored limousine known as “The Beast.”

Though his title suggests a focus on rodent control, reports on Larry’s hunting prowess vary. While he has occasionally been photographed catching mice, observers say his true talent lies in maintaining a relaxed, nonchalant presence that contrasts with the often intense political environment around him.

Larry has also shared Downing Street with other political pets, including the dog Dilyn owned by former Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Nova, the Labrador of former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. He currently resides alongside the family cats of Prime Minister Keir Starmer, though they occupy separate living areas.

A notable chapter in Larry’s story involved his rivalry with Palmerston, the former feline resident of the Foreign Office, whose encounters with Larry were occasionally captured on camera before Palmerston retired in 2020.

Now estimated to be 18 or 19 years old, Larry has slowed down but remains a visible symbol of continuity at Downing Street. Experts say his enduring popularity reflects the public’s affection for a nonpartisan figure who offers a sense of stability during periods of political uncertainty.

As political leaders come and go, Larry continues to lounge near the front entrance, embodying what some observers describe as a uniquely British blend of humor, resilience and understated charm — a reminder that even in the corridors of power, a little unpredictability can be endearing.

Pinuna ng DOH ang kritikal na kakulangan sa dentista sa bansa

Carlo Juancho Funtanilla
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Pinuna ng DOH ang kritikal na kakulangan sa dentista sa bansa

Maynila — Binigyang-diin ng Department of Health (DOH) ang matinding kakulangan ng mga dentista sa bansa, na nagdudulot ng malaking agwat sa pagitan ng bilang ng mga dental professionals at ng populasyon, ayon kay Emmie Perez, undersecretary ng ahensya.

Ayon kay Perez, ang kasalukuyang dentist-to-population ratio ay 1 dentista sa bawat 53,000 katao, na masyadong mataas kumpara sa pamantayan ng World Health Organization na nagrerekomenda ng 1 dentista kada 7,500 tao.

“Napakataas po ng kailangang habulin ng isang dentista which we cannot do at this moment… Pinagsusumikapan po namin na matugunan pero hindi kaya po,” ani Perez, na nagsabing ang mataas na ratio at mga nakaraang pagbabago sa istruktura ng sistema ng kalusugan ay nakapagpalala sa kakulangan ng serbisyo.

Ipinunto rin niya na habang may mga programa ng oral health ang DOH, limitado pa rin ang saklaw nito kumpara sa pangangailangan ng bansa. Dagdag pa niya, isa sa mga dahilan ng kakulangan ay ang mababang pasahod sa mga dentistang nagtatrabaho sa gobyerno, kung saan ang entry-level na posisyon sa pampublikong sektor ay nasa Salary Grade 16 lamang, na nagpapahirap sa pagkuha at pagpapanatili ng mga propesyonal.

Binanggit din ni Perez na madalas na napapabayaan ang oral health sa kabila ng kahalagahan nito sa pangkalahatang kalusugan. Nanawagan siya ng reporma, kabilang ang muling pagpapanibago ng dating Oral Health Bureau, upang mapalakas ang dental care sa bansa.

Sa kasalukuyan, may preventive oral healthcare package na inaalok sa pamamagitan ng Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) simula noong 2024, na sumasaklaw sa preventive services at emergency tooth extraction sa mga accredited na pasilidad, hanggang ₱1,000 kada taon.

Bagama’t nakatuon ang umiiral na programa sa preventive care, pinag-aaralan ng DOH ang mga posibleng benefit packages sa hinaharap upang tugunan ang pagkabungi ng ngipin at suportahan ang paggamit ng dentures.

“Hindi po kaya ng government alone. Kailangan po natin ng collaboration with the private sector,” wika ni Perez, na nananawagan sa mas maraming dentista sa buong bansa na makilahok sa mga programang pang-gobyerno.

Dagdag niya, patuloy ang konsultasyon para sa pagpapalawak at pagpapatupad ng mga programang pangkalusugan sa bibig sa susunod na mga taon.

European leaders push back against U.S. claims of “civilizational erasure” at Munich Security Conference

Venus L Peñaflor
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European leaders push back against U.S. claims of “civilizational erasure” at Munich Security Conference

MUNICH, Germany — Senior European officials strongly rejected assertions from members of the Trump administration that Europe is facing “civilizational erasure,” highlighting growing tensions over immigration, trade, and democratic values during discussions at the annual Munich Security Conference.

Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s top diplomat, addressed delegates on Sunday and dismissed criticisms contained in a recent U.S. national security strategy, which argued that Europe is being weakened by migration policies, declining birth rates, and what it described as censorship and declining national identity.

“Contrary to what some may say, woke, decadent Europe is not facing civilizational erasure,” Kallas said, emphasizing that interest in joining the European bloc remains strong beyond the continent. She noted that during a visit to Canada last year, many citizens expressed interest in closer ties with the European Union.

Kallas also criticized what she described as “European-bashing,” arguing that Europe’s focus on human rights and social progress continues to foster prosperity and global appeal.

Her remarks came a day after Marco Rubio addressed the conference, adopting a more measured tone than that of JD Vance at the same forum last year. Rubio reassured allies that ending the trans-Atlantic partnership was “neither our goal nor our wish,” while emphasizing Washington’s intention to continue reshaping alliance priorities on migration, trade, and climate policy.

“Our home may be in the Western hemisphere, but we will always be a child of Europe,” Rubio told attendees, signaling continued cooperation despite policy disagreements.

European leaders responded by reaffirming their commitment to core values, including climate action, free trade, and democratic freedoms. Keir Starmer said Europe must defend “vibrant, free and diverse societies,” arguing that multiculturalism strengthens rather than weakens democratic stability.

Kallas acknowledged that divisions between the United States and Europe remain but stressed the importance of dialogue and partnership moving forward.

“It is clear that we don’t see eye to eye on all the issues,” she said, “but I think we can work from there.”

The exchanges underscored a broader debate about the future of the trans-Atlantic alliance as both sides seek to redefine cooperation amid shifting political priorities and global challenges.


Iminungkahi ng DepEd ang trimester school calendar para sa SY 2026–2027

Venus L Peñaflor
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Iminungkahi ng DepEd ang trimester school calendar para sa SY 2026–2027

MAYNILA — Inihayag ng Department of Education (DepEd) ang panukalang pagbabago sa school calendar sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatupad ng trimester system simula sa School Year 2026–2027, bilang bahagi ng mga hakbang upang mapahusay ang kalidad ng pagtuturo at pagkatuto sa mga paaralan.

Sa ilalim ng iminungkahing sistema, hahatiin ang kabuuang 201 school days sa tatlong termino: ang unang trimester mula Hunyo hanggang Setyembre, ikalawa mula Setyembre hanggang Disyembre, at ikatlo mula Enero hanggang Marso. Ang bawat termino ay magkakaroon ng instructional block na may humigit-kumulang 54 hanggang 61 araw para sa tuloy-tuloy na pag-aaral, kasunod ang enrichment block na nakatuon sa remediation, grading, paghahanda ng mga school forms, at wellness break para sa mga guro at mag-aaral.

Magkakaroon din ng espesyal na opening block sa unang termino para sa mga aktibidad kaugnay ng pagbubukas ng school year.

Ayon kay Sonny Angara, layunin ng reporma na magkaroon ng mas maayos na pacing ng mga aralin, mas mahahabang uninterrupted learning periods, at mas mababang administrative workload para sa mga guro, habang pinananatili ang mataas na kalidad ng edukasyon.

Bahagi rin ng panukala ang integrasyon ng national at cultural observances sa loob ng mga aralin sa halip na hiwalay na mga programa, upang hindi maantala ang regular na pagtuturo sa loob ng klase.

Inaasahan namang maglalabas ang DepEd ng pormal na policy guidelines matapos ang serye ng konsultasyon sa mga guro, school leaders, at iba pang education stakeholders bago tuluyang ipatupad ang bagong school calendar.

European nations say Alexei Navalny was poisoned by the Kremlin with dart frog toxin

Venus L Peñaflor
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European nations say Alexei Navalny was poisoned by the Kremlin with dart frog toxin

LONDON — Five European nations have accused Russia of poisoning opposition leader Alexei Navalny with a rare and lethal toxin, citing laboratory findings that they say confirm the presence of epibatidine, a neurotoxin associated with South American poison dart frogs.

In a joint statement released Saturday, the foreign ministries of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Sweden and Netherlands said analyses of samples taken from Navalny’s body “conclusively confirmed” the toxin’s presence and argued that Russia had the “means, motive and opportunity” to administer it while he was imprisoned. The countries said they would report Russia to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons for an alleged breach of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Navalny, one of President Vladimir Putin’s most prominent critics, died on Feb. 16, 2024, in an Arctic penal colony while serving a 19-year sentence that he and his supporters said was politically motivated. Russian authorities said at the time that he died from natural causes, a claim repeatedly rejected by his family and allies.

The announcement coincides with the approach of the second anniversary of Navalny’s death and came as his widow, Yulia Navalnaya, attended the Munich Security Conference in Germany. Navalnaya said she had long believed her husband was poisoned, adding that the new findings strengthen calls for accountability.

British Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper said Russia viewed Navalny as a threat and described the alleged poisoning as evidence of the state’s willingness to silence political opposition. Russian officials have continued to deny involvement and rejected allegations linking the Kremlin to Navalny’s death.

Epibatidine is a highly potent neurotoxin that can cause respiratory failure, seizures and cardiac complications. European investigators said the substance is not naturally found in Russia and is believed to have been produced synthetically.

Navalny had previously survived another poisoning attempt in 2020 involving the nerve agent Novichok, an attack he blamed on the Kremlin. Following treatment in Germany, he returned to Russia in early 2021, where he was immediately arrested and remained imprisoned until his death.

Western governments have repeatedly accused Russia of violating international bans on chemical weapons, including the 2018 Novichok attack in Salisbury, England, targeting former Russian intelligence officer Sergei Skripal. Moscow has denied any role in those incidents.

The Kremlin has not publicly responded to the latest accusations, while international attention remains focused on whether further diplomatic or legal actions will follow the findings.

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